Kina Rutul Spatial Adverbs and Postpositions

Local Adverbs in Hittite: Synchrony and Diachrony

Words expressing spatial relationships in Hittite are synchronically adverbs, not case forms of nouns as sometimes alleged. They are attested in three distinct syntactic roles: postpositions, preverbs, and freestanding adverbs. Some of these local adverbs are inherited from Proto-Indo-European, while others reflect petrified case forms of nouns. Postpositions from inherited local adverbs origin...

Manner Adverbs and Scope

Adverbs and Light Verbs

Chinese allows manner and degree adverbs to occur further to the left than is possible in English and other languages; compare Amanda will (*loudly) be (loudly) greeting her guests (loudly) with Lisi (qingqingde) ba zhuozi (qingqingde) qiao-le yixia “Lisi lightly knocked once on the table,” with the manner adverbial to the left of BA. It is proposed here that this results from the two languages...

Adverbs And Semantic Inferences

1. L. K a r t t u n e n ( K a r t t u n e n 1970, 1971) demons t r a t ed t h a t i n E n g l i s h t h e r e e x i s t s i x c l a s s e s o f p r e d i c a t e s t h a t d i f f e r as f o r t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p s h o l d i n g be tween the p r e d i c a t e and i t s s e n t e n t i a l complement: f a c t i v e s , p o s i t i v e and n e g a t i v e two-way i m p l i o a t i v e s...

Postpositions and Word Order Variation in Korean